Equity, social justice and transformational giftedness: A gifted academy in a vulnerable community

Given that uncertainty has become the signe des temps for our students in the current Covid-19 climate, one can pose the question: what types of skills would be relevant for the current and the next generation of students that would help them make sense of the changing world? School curricula and testing still anchored in the traditional mode of the 3Rs has resulted in a cadre of gifted students who have performed well academically but who have not been educated to reflect on using their "gifts" to transform society in just and meaningful ways. As opposed to being purely speculative on what transformative giftedness could be, we describe the genesis of a gifted academy- a school within a school situated within an impoverished community grounded in the principles of equity, social justice, and transformational giftedness. In this academy, the curriculum based on both socio-emotional learning (SEL) and problem-based learning (PBL), in tandem with interdisciplinary projects, provides avenues for the potential to transform students into making sense of uncertainty in the changing world in meaningful ways. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.

Self-Reported Worries in Young People During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic has had long-standing consequences for all aspects of life. Although young people appear less susceptible to severe forms of physical illness due to the coronavirus, they have not escaped unscathed from its' psychological impacts. The present study measured the content of worries in young people residing in the UK during the pandemic and how it varied with sociodemographic factors. Methods: Between May and December 2020, UK-residing participants aged 12-25 years completed an online survey that presented participants with free-text fields to describe their top three worries over the last two weeks, in addition to demographic and other information. Cross-sectional data from 2560 participants (Males = 767; Female = 1793) was analyzed. Results: Irrespective of sociodemographic, a majority of the participants reported worries related to academics, followed by social relationships, own physical health, social and work routines, and physical health of others. Significantly more females reported concerns about academics, finances, physical health, social and work routines, social relationships, mental health and emotions, and physical health of others. Expectedly, more older (18-25 years) than younger (12-17 years) participants reported concerns about career-prospects and finances, while more younger than older ones were worried about academics (98.41% vs. 80.90%). With respect to financial worries, a higher percentage of BAME (Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic) communities in the UK reported such worries. Ethnicity significantly predicted more worries about social relationships among White than BAME participants. Significant differences also existed across different SES groups regarding endorsement of a particular category of worry. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions depending on the major concerns for young people of different ages, sexes, ethnicities, and SES. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-023-10396-3.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on youth delinquency: A discontinuous growth analysis

IntroductionThis study aimed to investigate (a) the immediate and long-term changes in youth offending rates among 138 neighborhoods within a large metropolitan area in the context of COVID-19 and (b) the extent to which the socioeconomic composition of the neighborhoods accounted for variations of the changes. MethodsDiscontinuous growth models were applied to demonstrate the changes in offenses against a person, property offenses, and drug-related offenses one-year prior to, at (March 2020), and one-year following the pandemic. ResultsAt the onset of the pandemic, we registered an immediate reduction in offenses against a person and property offenses but not in drug-related offenses. There was a steeper declining trend for property offenses one-year following the pandemic as compared with that one-year prior to the pandemic. The neighborhood concentration of affluence and poverty was not related to the immediate reduction in any type of delinquency. DiscussionWe conclude that the COVID-19 pandemic not only had an abrupt but also an enduring impact on youth delinquency.

Relationship between financial distress and mistreatment of workers regarding the COVID-19 prevention measures: A 1-year prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: A substantial number of workers' experience mistreatment in the workplace, impacting workers' health and companies' functioning. Vulnerability of those with lower income has been reported, yet little is known about mistreatment during COVID-19. This study aims to examine whether workers in financial distress are particularly prone to mistreatment at the workplace with reference to pandemic-related infection prevention measures. METHODS: An internet-based, year-long prospective cohort study was conducted from 2020 to 2021. Participants were recruited from workers aged 20 and 65 years and currently employed at baseline. In total, 27 036 were included in the analysis and 18 170 responded to the follow-up survey. The odds ratio (OR) of mistreatment at the workplace regarding COVID-19 associated with the financial condition at baseline was estimated using multilevel logistic regression analysis nested by participant residence. RESULTS: Compared with workers in a comfortable financial condition, those under financial stress showed significantly higher ORs of mistreatment (age- and sex-adjusted model: 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75-2.47, P < .001, model adjusted for socioeconomic factors: 2.14, 95% CI 1.79-2.55, P < .001). CONCLUSION: Workers in financial distress were shown to be vulnerable to mistreatment at work regarding infection prevention measures in the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring a double burden of poverty and mistreatment. The perspective of vulnerable groups needs to be taken into account when implementing countermeasures against emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. As unfair treatment in the workplace might distort vulnerable employees' reactions to infection control (e.g., hiding infection), financial deprivation should be considered a public health issue.

Associations between institutional-social-ecological factors and COVID -19 case-fatality: Evidence from 134 countries using multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR).

During the period in which the Omicron coronavirus variant was rapidly spreading, the impact of the institutional-social-ecological dimensions on the case-fatality rate was rarely afforded attention. By adopting the diagnostic social-ecological system (SES) framework, the present paper aims to identify the impact of institutional-social-ecological factors on the case-fatality rate of COVID-19 in 134 countries and regions and test their spatial heterogeneity. Using statistical data from the Our World In Data website, the present study collected the cumulative case-fatality rate from 9 November 2021 to 23 June 2022, along with 11 country-level institutional-social-ecological factors. By comparing the goodness of fit of the multiple linear regression model and the multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model, the study demonstrated that the effects of SES factors exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity in relation to the case-fatality rate of COVID-19. After substituting the data into the MGWR model, six SES factors were identified with an R square of 0.470 based on the ascending effect size: COVID-19 vaccination policy, age dependency ratio, press freedom, gross domestic product (GDP), COVID-19 testing policy, and population density. The GWR model was used to test and confirm the robustness of the research results. Based on the analysis results, it is suggested that the world needs to meet four conditions to restore normal economic activity in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic: (i) Countries should increase their COVID-19 vaccination coverage and maximize COVID-19 testing expansion. (ii) Countries should increase public health facilities available to provide COVID-19 treatment and subsidize the medical costs of COVID-19 patients. (iii) Countries should strictly review COVID-19 news reports and actively publicize COVID-19 pandemic prevention knowledge to the public through a range of media. (iv) Countries should adopt an internationalist spirit of cooperation and help each other to navigate the COVID-19 pandemic. The study further tests the applicability of the SES framework to the field of COVID-19 prevention and control based on the existing research, offering novel policy insights to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic that coexists with long-term human production and life for a long time.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in Greek adolescents during COVID-19: exploring determining factors through cross-sectional study

Purpose: During the pandemic, people have changed their diet and lifestyle, which are highly important to maintain health and well-being. This study aims to investigate the relationship between demographic, socioeconomic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics and adolescents' adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD). Design/methodology/approach: In all, 2088 youth from Attica, Greece, 12–18 years old, were recruited in this school-based, cross-sectional study conducted in May–December 2021. The tools Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents, the Family Affluence Scale III and the Godin-Shephard Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire were used to estimate AMD, family affluence and the levels of physical activity (PA), respectively. Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, Chi-square tests, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression approaches were applied. Findings: Empirical results showed that boys (p = 0.000), higher socioeconomic status (p = 0.034) and higher maternal education (p = 0.026) emerged as significant determinants for higher AMD. In addition, healthier dietary patterns (p = 0.000), PA (p = 0.000), more social lifestyle (p = 0.000) and night sleep duration (p = 0.000) were also positively correlated to diet quality. On the contrary, age (p = 0.000), screen time (p = 0.003) and the negative consequences of COVID-19 affected adversely AMD among adolescents. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study was the first that highlighted the important role of several demographic, socioeconomic, dietary and lifestyle characteristics, together with the COVID-19 consequences to the AMD among secondary school children in Greece. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

How School and Home Contexts Impact the School Adjustment of Adolescents from Different Ethnic and SES Backgrounds During COVID-19 School Closures.

Many schools worldwide closed to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus. However, the consequences of school closures for the school adjustment of adolescents from different ethnic and SES backgrounds remain unclear. This study examined how school adjustment changed before, during, and after school closure across adolescents from different ethnic and SES backgrounds; and which factors in home and school contexts served as resources. Early adolescents (N = 124, Mage = 12.86, 58.8% boys) from different ethnic and SES backgrounds were repeatedly assessed 1 week before (March 2020), during (June 2020), and 1 year after (February 2021) the first school closure in Belgium. The results revealed that school closure augmented ethnicity- and SES-based inequalities in school adjustment. Moreover, factors in the school context-and not the home context-served as resources. Specifically, the quality of online instruction and teacher-pupil relationships buffered against reduced school adjustment during school closure, particularly among youth from ethnic minority and lower SES backgrounds. The findings corroborate unequal school adjustment consequences of school closures, but also highlight the role of teachers to buffer against them. The study design, hypotheses, and analyses were preregistered in the following link: https://osf.io/6ygcu/?view_only=c77cfb46028447bdb7844cd2c76237aa .

Four Black/Brown struggling readers: Narratives from second and third graders in Baltimore city

This study emphasizes formal and informal reading development, race, and socioeconomic status as significant components of the lived experiences of four low socioeconomic Black/Brown second- and third-graders who struggled with reading. The research acknowledges historical progression of the American public education system, exploring peer-reviewed literature to examine the four components of the study's conceptual framework: race, socioeconomics, formal reading instructional practices, and informal reading exercises, as influences of the lived reading experiences of struggling readers. Set in Baltimore, Maryland, the researcher used qualitative methodology to gather data to develop narratives of the elementary-aged participants, illuminating their lived formal and informal reading experiences as struggling readers. The data collection process, being completed during the global COVID-19 pandemic, added dimension to the thoughts, feelings, and concerns of the participants. Using semi-structured interviews and home observations, the purpose of the study was to humanize poor Black/Brown struggling readers by presenting their voices to educational stakeholders against the backdrop of Critical Race Theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Quantifying the impact of COVID-19 on travel behavior in different socio-economic segments.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in substantial negative impacts on social equity. To investigate transport inequities in communities with varying medical resources and COVID controlling measures during the COVID pandemic and to develop transport-related policies for the post-COVID-19 world, it is necessary to evaluate how the pandemic has affected travel behavior patterns in different socio-economic segments (SES). We first analyze the travel behavior change percentage due to COVID, e.g., increased working from home (WFH), decreased in-person shopping trips, decreased public transit trips, and canceled overnight trips of individuals with varying age, gender, education levels, and household income, based on the most recent US Household Pulse Survey census data during Aug 2020 âˆ¼ Dec 2021. We then quantify the impact of COVID-19 on travel behavior of different socio-economic segments, using integrated mobile device location data in the USA over the period 1 Jan 2020-20 Apr 2021. Fixed-effect panel regression models are proposed to statistically estimate the impact of COVID monitoring measures and medical resources on travel behavior such as nonwork/work trips, travel miles, out-of-state trips, and the incidence of WFH for low SES and high SES. We find that as exposure to COVID increases, the number of trips, traveling miles, and overnight trips started to bounce back to pre-COVID levels, while the incidence of WFH remained relatively stable and did not tend to return to pre-COVID level. We find that the increase in new COVID cases has a significant impact on the number of work trips in the low SES but has little impact on the number of work trips in the high SES. We find that the fewer medical resources there are, the fewer mobility behavior changes that individuals in the low SES will undertake. The findings have implications for understanding the heterogeneous mobility response of individuals in different SES to various COVID waves and thus provide insights into the equitable transport governance and resiliency of the transport system in the "post-COVID" era.

Associations Between COVID-19 Alcohol Policy Restrictions and Alcohol Sales in British Columbia: Variation by Area-based Deprivation Level.

OBJECTIVE: Government alcohol sales data were used to investigate associations between estimates of per capita age 15+ alcohol consumption, policy restrictiveness, and area-level deprivation. METHOD: We analysed weekly consumption data (expressed as per capita age 15+ Canadian standard drinks [13.45g of pure ethanol]), collected from all 89 Local Health Areas in British Columbia, Canada, between April 2017 and April 2021. Our analyses were stratified by outlet type (total, on-premise and off-premise). Our intervention was alcohol policy restrictiveness (operationalized by the Restrictiveness of Alcohol Policy Index), and our moderator was area-level deprivation (Canadian Index of Multiple Deprivation). The Restrictiveness of Alcohol Policy Index included hours of trading, the number of people permitted on site for on-premise venues), the proportion of outlets in operation, and the extent of permissible home delivery. RESULTS: Higher policy restrictiveness was associated with decreased consumption across all outlet types (ps < .001): when the most restrictive policies were implemented, consumption was reduced by 9% and 100% in off- and on-premise outlets, respectively. Area-based deprivation level modified the effect of policy restriction on PCAC (ps < 0.007): for total and off-premise consumption, the decrease was greatest among more economically deprived areas (p < 0.001s); for on-premise outlets, areas with a high proportion of racial and ethnic minorities increased their consumption (ps < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol-specific policy restrictions implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with reduced consumption. However, the magnitude and direction of change was moderated by area-based deprivation level, albeit inconsistently across various deprivation measures.

Participant recruitment, baseline characteristics and at-home-measurements of cardiometabolic risk markers: insights from the Supreme Nudge parallel cluster-randomised controlled supermarket trial.

BACKGROUND: Recruiting participants for lifestyle programmes is known to be challenging. Insights into recruitment strategies, enrolment rates and costs are valuable but rarely reported. We provide insight into the costs and results of used recruitment strategies, baseline characteristics and feasibility of at-home cardiometabolic measurements as part of the Supreme Nudge trial investigating healthy lifestyle behaviours. This trial was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring a largely remote data collection approach. Potential sociodemographic differences were explored between participants recruited through various strategies and for at-home measurement completion rates. METHODS: Participants were recruited from socially disadvantaged areas around participating study supermarkets (n = 12 supermarkets) across the Netherlands, aged 30-80 years, and regular shoppers of the participating supermarkets. Recruitment strategies, costs and yields were logged, together with completion rates of at-home measurements of cardiometabolic markers. Descriptive statistics are reported on recruitment yield per used method and baseline characteristics. We used linear and logistic multilevel models to assess the potential sociodemographic differences. RESULTS: Of 783 recruited, 602 were eligible to participate, and 421 completed informed consent. Most included participants were recruited via letters/flyers at home (75%), but this strategy was very costly per included participant (89 Euros). Of paid strategies, supermarket flyers were the cheapest (12 Euros) and the least time-invasive (< 1 h). Participants who completed baseline measurements (n = 391) were on average 57.6 (SD 11.0) years, 72% were female and 41% had high educational attainment, and they often completed the at-home measurements successfully (lipid profile 88%, HbA1c 94%, waist circumference 99%). Multilevel models suggested that males tended to be recruited more often via word-of-mouth (ORfemales 0.51 (95%CI 0.22; 1.21)). Those who failed the first attempt at completing the at-home blood measurement were older (ß 3.89 years (95% CI 1.28; 6.49), whilst the non-completers of the HbA1c (ß - 8.92 years (95% CI - 13.62; - 4.28)) and LDL (ß - 3.19 years (95% CI - 6.53; 0.09)) were younger. CONCLUSIONS: Supermarket flyers were the most cost-effective paid strategy, whereas mailings to home addresses recruited the most participants but were very costly. At-home cardiometabolic measurements were feasible and may be useful in geographically widespread groups or when face to face contact is not possible. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Dutch Trial Register ID NL7064, 30 May 2018, https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR7302.

Differential effects and success stories of distance education in Covid-19 lockdowns on the development of reading comprehension in primary schools.

In the current study, the development in reading comprehension performance of students in lower-SES versus higher-SES schools during and after school closures due to Covid-19 lockdowns was examined, and compared to a normed reference group. Furthermore, we explored protective factors against negative effects at the time of school closures, by pinpointing successful practices in a sub sample of resilient lower-SES schools. The total sample consisted of 2202 students followed from grade 2-4. Overall, we found that students in lower-SES schools made less progress over time than students in higher-SES schools. On average, students made less progress during the lockdowns, but here, the interaction with SES was not significant. Students' reading comprehension levels partially recovered after the lockdowns. Questionnaire-data revealed that schools were better prepared during the second lockdown, with teachers making more use of digital means, and providing more online reading instruction. In addition, collaboration with the parents seemed to have improved. The in depth interviews with resilient lower-SES schools revealed that the introduction of online education and investing in educational partnerships with parents may have helped to minimize the negative impact of lockdowns. We conclude that lockdowns have a negative effect on the development of reading education, but that students are resilient. Digital means and partnership with parents may be seen as protective factors to attenuate the negative effects of emergency remote teaching.

Examining socioeconomic disparities in changes in adolescent mental health before and during different phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

This study examined socioeconomic disparities in changes in adolescent mental health between fall 2019 (pre-COVID-19), spring 2020 (initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) phase), and fall 2020 (prevailing COVID-19 phase). Using data from 1429 adolescents (Mage  = 17.9) from tertiary vocational schools in the Netherlands with n = 386 participating in all three waves, linear and latent basis growth curve models were assessed and multigroup analyses conducted. Results showed a small but significant decrease in life satisfaction and small but significant increases in emotional problems, peer relationship problems, conduct problems, and hyperactivity-inattention problems. For emotional problems and peer relationship problems, increases between pre-COVID-19 and the initial COVID-19 phase were more pronounced than increases between the initial and prevailing COVID-19 phase. In contrast, linear decreases were found for life satisfaction and linear increases for conduct problems and hyperactivity-inattention problems over the course of the study. Mental health patterns were largely comparable for adolescents from families with varying socioeconomic status.

Racial Discrimination, Social Disadvantage, and Racial-Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake.

Introduction: Racial-ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccination are well documented. The extent to which racism, manifested at the individual and ZIP code levels, explains disparities in early vaccination uptake remains unclear. Methods: Data from a statewide poll of California registered voters (N=10,256), conducted between April 29 and May 5, 2021, linked to area-level resource data, were analyzed. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models examined racial disparities in COVID-19 vaccination. Decomposition analyses quantified how much of the observed racial disparities in vaccination were explained by racial discrimination and social disadvantage (i.e., educational attainment, 2019 household income, and ZIP code social vulnerability). Results: Latinx (64.6%) and Black (66.7%) adults were less likely to have at least 1 COVID-19 vaccine dose by April or May 2021 than White adults (74.7%). In adjusted analyses, Latinx (AOR=0.69, 95% CI=0.57, 0.84) and Black (AOR=0.51, 95% CI=0.37, 0.70) adults had a lower likelihood of being vaccinated than Whites. Social disadvantage accounted for 77.4% (p<0.05) and 35.8% (p<0.05) of the explainable variation in Latinx-White and Black-White disparities, respectively. Self-reported racial discrimination was not associated with COVID-19 vaccination in adjusted analyses. Conclusions: Social disadvantage but not self-reported racial discrimination explained racial-ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccination in California. Removing resource-related barriers may help to increase the relatively low COVID-19 vaccination rates among Black and Latinx populations.

Preference for utilitarian or hedonic value options during a pandemic crisis: The moderation effects of childhood socioeconomic status and sensation-seeking.

This research investigated hospitality consumers' relative preferences for utilitarian or hedonic value under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. A series of four experiments and one secondary data analysis showed that the salience of the infectious disease threat increased consumers' preferences for hospitality options that provide relatively more utilitarian than hedonic value. Additionally, we identified two individual differences (i.e., childhood socioeconomic status (SES) & sensation-seeking) that moderated the effect of the infectious disease threat on the preferred hospitality consumption value. Specifically, the higher the childhood SES, the higher was the preference for the utilitarian value option, and the lower the level of sensation-seeking, the greater was the preference for the utilitarian value option. This research extends our understanding of the influence of the infectious disease threat on preference changes in hospitality decisions.

Health-related quality of life, Mediterranean diet, physical activity and socioeconomic factors of Greek adolescents during COVID-19: A cross sectional study

BACKGROUND: Health related quality of life of the adolescents during quarantine and social isolation potentially decreases, with significant alteration on physical activities and nutrition behaviour. OBJECTIVE(S): The present study investigates the relationship between Greek adolescents' health related quality of life and socioeconomic factors, lifestyle and dietary characteristics, along with their adherence to the Mediterranean Diet immediately after the lockdown period in Greece. METHOD(S): A total sample of 459 students aged 12-16 years old were recruited from secondary schools in the area of Athens. The KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire for children and adolescents, the KIDMED test, the Godin and Shephard Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Family Affluence Scale III, were used for the statistical analysis. T-tests, Kruskal Wallis, Chi-square, Anova tests and multiple regression analyses were employed. RESULT(S): Econometric analysis reveals that adolescents' health related quality of life is higher among boys, adolescents who live with both parents, tend to sleep more during night and do not spend many hours on screen viewing. Also, adolescents with higher family affluence level, being physically active and with a high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet have higher health related quality of life. CONCLUSION(S): Adolescents' adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, physical activity, socioeconomic characteristics and life style behaviors are highly correlated with perceived health related quality of life during COVID-19 period. Copyright © 2022-IOS Press. All rights reserved.

Four Black/Brown struggling readers: Narratives from second and third graders in Baltimore city

This study emphasizes formal and informal reading development, race, and socioeconomic status as significant components of the lived experiences of four low socioeconomic Black/Brown second- and third-graders who struggled with reading. The research acknowledges historical progression of the American public education system, exploring peer-reviewed literature to examine the four components of the study's conceptual framework: race, socioeconomics, formal reading instructional practices, and informal reading exercises, as influences of the lived reading experiences of struggling readers. Set in Baltimore, Maryland, the researcher used qualitative methodology to gather data to develop narratives of the elementary-aged participants, illuminating their lived formal and informal reading experiences as struggling readers. The data collection process, being completed during the global COVID-19 pandemic, added dimension to the thoughts, feelings, and concerns of the participants. Using semi-structured interviews and home observations, the purpose of the study was to humanize poor Black/Brown struggling readers by presenting their voices to educational stakeholders against the backdrop of Critical Race Theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

An exploration on COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns from the perspective of the Chaxu culture in metropolis of China: A multi-center study.

Objectives: Chaxugeju is a very special Chinese culture following a self-centered and outward expanding social network, which might be a significant culture factor for vaccination behavior. This study aimed to identify the motivation pattern in China, and paid special focus on socio-economic status (SES), region, and migration. Methods: We used a latent class analysis, with a sample of 12,432 participants collected in China from April to June, to identify the COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns. Multinomial logistic regression models were utilized to separately explore associations between SES, migration, region, and COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns. Results: Three COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns were identified: Self-protection (41.9%), Trust and Self-protection (38.5%), and Trust and Differential Protection (19.6%). Participants with higher income were more likely to be Trust and Self-protection, and when income is more than 50,000 CNY per month, they are more likely to be self-protection. Professional/white collar were more likely to be Self-protection. Participants from Shenzhen were more likely to be Trust and Differential protection. The moderating effects of gender were found for income and region. Gender does not moderate the associations of occupation or migration and COVID-19 vaccination motivation patterns. Conclusion: Three motivational patterns were identified in which the Trust & Differential Pattern followed the traditional self-family-community Chaxu circle. However, the Chaxu motivation pattern was not the dominant one which might be weakened by SES. Migration and Shenzhen preserved the traditional social network, keeping in the trust and differential pattern. All of these factors in various cultural contexts should be considered when promoting vaccines.

Impacts of video communication on psychological well-being and cosmetic surgery acceptance.

Video communication via platforms such as Zoom has been routinely used as a communication tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scientific evidence has suggested that constant video communication can have detrimental consequences such as "Zoom fatigue", inhibiting collaboration, and new information exchange. The current study focuses on the effects of using video communication technology on self-esteem, affect, and image perception under the framework of objective self-awareness (OSA). We implemented a survey among a large sample of video communication users. The results revealed a nuanced picture of OSA with video communication: merely seeing self-video and the time of using video communication won't activate OSA. However, being a listener and a part of the audience in video communication activated OSA. In turn, OSA significantly increased the attention paid to oneself, leading to critical self-evaluation, negative affect, and a greater level of cosmetic surgery acceptance. Moreover, OSA reduced the level of self-esteem. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Rates of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection and Associated Factors in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in the Prevaccination Era.

Objective: To estimate rates and identify factors associated with asymptomatic COVID-19 in the population of Olmsted County during the prevaccination era. Patients and Methods: We screened first responders (n=191) and Olmsted County employees (n=564) for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 from November 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021 to estimate seroprevalence and asymptomatic infection. Second, we retrieved all polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses in Olmsted County from March 2020 through January 2021, abstracted symptom information, estimated rates of asymptomatic infection and examined related factors. Results: Twenty (10.5%; 95% CI, 6.9%-15.6%) first responders and 38 (6.7%; 95% CI, 5.0%-9.1%) county employees had positive antibodies; an additional 5 (2.6%) and 10 (1.8%) had prior positive PCR tests per self-report or medical record, but no antibodies detected. Of persons with symptom information, 4 of 20 (20%; 95% CI, 3.0%-37.0%) first responders and 10 of 39 (26%; 95% CI, 12.6%-40.0%) county employees were asymptomatic. Of 6020 positive PCR tests in Olmsted County with symptom information between March 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021, 6% (n=385; 95% CI, 5.8%-7.1%) were asymptomatic. Factors associated with asymptomatic disease included age (0-18 years [odds ratio {OR}, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.7-3.1] and >65 years [OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.0-2.0] compared with ages 19-44 years), body mass index (overweight [OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44-0.77] or obese [OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.57-0.62] compared with normal or underweight) and tests after November 20, 2020 ([OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13-1.71] compared with prior dates). Conclusion: Asymptomatic rates in Olmsted County before COVID-19 vaccine rollout ranged from 6% to 25%, and younger age, normal weight, and later tests dates were associated with asymptomatic infection.